Uncovering the connection between digital maturity and financial performance
How digital transformation can lead to sustainable high performance
Last year’s digital transformation survey found that enterprises that apply seven “digital pivots” broadly and deeply tend to perform better financially. This year, we investigate why.
Digital maturity’s bounty of benefits
DIGITALLY mature companies enjoy a wide range of specific benefits arising from their digital transformations that include, but go well beyond, the bottom line. Many of these benefits, such as improved product quality and customer satisfaction, contribute to better financial performance. Others, such as reducing environmental impact and increasing workforce diversity, are increasingly seen as part of companies’ broader social responsibility.
To reap benefits such as these, organisations should do far more than simply implement new technologies. Successful digital transformation requires the coordinated integration of technology-related assets and capabilities—which we call “digital pivots” (figure 1)—across an entire enterprise.
Last year’s digital transformation study found that enterprises that apply the pivots broadly and deeply tend to perform better financially.1 Our data this year affirms this finding: Higher-maturity organisations surveyed were far more likely than lower-maturity ones to significantly outperform their industry average on key financial metrics.
The question remains, however: Why is digital maturity associated with better financial performance? In this year’s report, we dig deeper into the factors that could link greater digital maturity with superior financial performance. Our broad conclusion: Digital maturity’s impact on financial performance comes from enabling improvements in efficiency, income growth, product/service quality, customer satisfaction and employee engagement—as well as by prompting a greater focus on growth and innovation. We also found that executives seem to credit some pivots for contributing to these benefits more than others. However, we continue to believe that a balanced approach to investing across all of the pivots is required for attaining higher levels of digital maturity.
Digital maturity levels: What does it mean to be more or less digitally mature?
For our analysis, we considered an organisation to be digitally mature to the extent that it experienced a positive business impact from its digital transformation initiatives. For each digital pivot, respondents were asked the degree to which they saw a positive business impact from the application of that pivot within their organisation. Responses to this question for each of the seven pivots were aggregated to classify organisations as higher-, medium-, or lower-maturity according to a distribution by the degree of business benefit they said their digital efforts had yielded:
- Organisations that scored in the top 25 per cent of the impact distribution were classified as “higher maturity”
- Organisations in the middle 54 per cent were classified as “medium maturity”
- Organisations in the bottom 21 per cent were classified as “lower maturity”
See the appendix for a fuller description of the survey demographics.
Digital transformation continues to drive financial performance
Our results from this year’s study soundly corroborate last year’s finding that greater digital maturity is associated with better financial performance. The higher-maturity companies in this year’s sample were about three times more likely than lower-maturity companies to report annual net income growth and net profit margins significantly above their industry average—a pattern that held true across industries.
Our definition of digital maturity is based on the extent to which digital transformation has delivered positive business impact, not necessarily positive financial impact. The superior financial performance resulting from higher digital maturity is a consequence of—not equivalent to—the business impact on which our definition is based.
How does digital maturity make a difference?
What explains the link between greater digital maturity and superior financial performance? To understand this, it’s helpful to look at digital transformation through the lens of the seven digital pivots listed in figure 1. Building the capabilities described by the pivots tends to deliver a broad range of business benefits that contribute to improved financial performance. Specifically, our data shows that higher-maturity companies were two to three times more likely than lower-maturity companies to report that they were receiving the following benefits from every digital pivot: pivot: efficiency, income growth, product/service quality, customer satisfaction and employee engagement.
Efficiency
A number of the digital pivots can pave the way for increased efficiency. For insurance giant Guardian Life, for instance, flexible infrastructure has helped it cut costs, along with enabling more agile operations and accelerating its engagements with startups. The company has migrated more than 200 applications to the public cloud, allowing it to shut down its last data centre in November 2018. Per Guardian’s CIO, the costs associated with running those applications have fallen by 20 to 30 per cent since migrating them. Moving to the cloud has also helped facilitate the shift to a more agile product development approach, as the company’s IT organisation can now spend more time and resources on testing new applications and learning rather than managing data centres. Additionally, migrating to the cloud has made it easier to pilot and integrate new tools and solutions with startups, which are also typically running on modern cloud-based infrastructure.2
Income growth
Digital transformation can help organisations grow income by improving the customer experience or supporting the introduction of new products and services. The fast-casual restaurant chain Chipotle offers a recent example of the connection between digital maturity and income growth. After the company upgraded its mobile app to allow customers to more easily customise orders to their liking, its digital sales increased by more than 100 per cent year over year in each of the next two quarters, accountancy for 18.3 per cent of total sales in Q3 2019 compared to 11.2 per cent in Q3 2018—and growth in total income and comparable shop sales increased as well.3 Rounding out the digital shopping experience was the introduction of dedicated in-shop production lines and pick-up windows for online buyers: brick-and-mortar enhancements that allowed Chipotle to further capitalise on its digital improvements.
Product/service quality
Some of the digital pivots, in particular data mastery, can help companies gain new insights to improve product performance and service quality. For instance, Rolls-Royce analyses sensor data from the jet engines it produces to improve their fuel efficiency. Based on this capability, the company can promise to lower its airline customers’ fuel costs—which has allowed it to evolve its business model to offer subscriptions to lease jet engines rather than selling them outright.4 The model appears to appeal to customers: As one example, Rolls-Royce recently won a five-year service contract from a major airline in Asia for more than 130 planes powered by its engines.5 Analysing the sensor data in real time also enables Rolls-Royce to capture greater value by charging for motor usage, parts and repair services. It could also increase safety, as the company can assess motor safety in real time and predict what repairs will be needed when.
Customer satisfaction
By improving the customer experience and enabling better products and services, digital transformation can drive higher customer satisfaction. One multinational apparel brand has strengthened customer relationships and grown direct-to-consumer sales through digital transformation. It successfully integrated its consumer-facing mobile apps with its in-shop shopping experience—as well as with its loyalty programme, which provides personalised recommendations to members—to deliver a unified customer experience. The number of active mobile app users has surged in recent years, which has helped significantly in increasing digital sales in recent quarters. Meanwhile, the company recently scored its highest customer satisfaction rating in 25 years, according to one major index.
Employee engagement
Reskilling and upskilling workforces to make them more digitally savvy—another digital pivot—can pay dividends in the form of increased employee engagement. One manufacturer used digital technology to support its rollout of a reskilling programme to retrain employees for new positions within the company. With the help of an interactive, analytics-based tool that helps workers explore alternative roles and career paths offered across the firm, the programme led to a double-digit boost in overall employee engagement.
A focus on growth and innovation
Beyond the five factors described above, higher-maturity companies’ superior financial performance may be related to their greater propensity to value innovation and growth as benefits of their digital investments. When asked to choose the single biggest benefit of digital transformation to their functional areas, respondents from higher-maturity organisations tended to highlight growth-oriented benefits such as increased sales, responsiveness to business needs and customer satisfaction. Respondents from lower-maturity organisations focussed more on benefits such as cost reduction and efficiency improvements. Higher-maturity respondents, for example, were most likely to cite sales from new products or services as the chief benefit of digital transformation to their R&D or innovation functions, while lower-maturity organisations were most likely to cite lower costs for launching new products and services. The same pattern held true in sales and marketing: Higher-maturity companies were more likely to point to digital transformation’s impact on increasing customers’ lifetime value, while lower-maturity companies were more likely to cite reducing customer acquisition costs (figure 3).
One big reason that lower-maturity organisations could be missing out on growth and innovation is that they aren’t using digitally enabled business models. Higher-maturity organisations were significantly more likely to report having digital business models in place than lower- or medium-maturity ones: While 58 per cent of respondents from higher-maturity organisations said that they offer digitally connected products, only 33 per cent from medium-maturity and 17 per cent from lower-maturity organisations said the same.
One multinational manufacturer, for instance, significantly increased its services and aftermarket parts income by offering digitally enabled services such as asset monitoring and predictive maintenance built on the data collected from its products. The company plans to drastically expand this recurring income source in the coming years to help shield it from the potential impact of macroeconomic downturns that could dampen demand for its capital-intensive products.
The takeaway? Digital transformation is about both doing old things better, faster, and cheaper and doing new things that weren’t possible before. In some ways, cost savings and efficiency are the low-hanging fruit of digital transformation; ambitious companies aim higher. Lower-maturity organisations should certainly capture the cost savings and efficiency benefits of increasing their digital maturity, but they should also aim to boost growth and innovation to fulfil digital transformation’s potential.
Digitally native business units can be an incubator for transformation
As part of their digital transformation efforts, some organisations are opting to create entirely new digital business units. These units operate separately from the parent companies, with their own technology foundation and processes. This tactic can allow companies to grow their digital income and learn from the experience of building a digital business from the ground up without disrupting their legacy businesses.
Examples of companies launching digitally focussed divisions and subsidiaries are becoming more common in industries such as financial services (Goldman Sachs’ Marcus and Wells Fargo’s Greenhouse), automotive (GM’s Cruise and the Daimler-BMW joint mobility venture), and manufacturing (Hitachi’s Vantara and Siemens’ Digital Factory Division).6 Most of the companies we surveyed reported that they had at least one digitally native business unit, defined as a unit that has a digital platform as its core product and/or fully leverages digital technologies in all of its operations.
One example of a digitally native business unit’s success is Telefonica’s Giffgaff subsidiary, a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) that the company established in the United Kingdom in 2009. The subsidiary has leveraged its innovative crowdsourced operating model to become the country’s third-largest MVNO, surpassing 160 competitors in its market in number of total subscribers.7 Giffgaff’s emphasis on leveraging its “member” community has enabled lean operations, high customer satisfaction,8 and consistent growth, with income reaching nearly US$600 million last year and record profits of about US$40 million.9
In another example, a mid-sized bank launched a digitally native business unit offering customers a mobile-centric banking experience built on a new digital banking platform. The digital brand lured hundreds of thousands of new customers and has since become a key part of the parent company’s growth strategy.
How pivots relate to business outcomes
Leaders may be curious which digital pivots deliver the greatest return on investment in terms of the benefits outlined above. The evidence is mixed, but we think the right path is clear.
Judging from this year’s survey data, two of the seven pivots—data mastery and intelligent workflows—appear to have the strongest impact on the five specific benefits of efficiency, income growth, product/service quality, customer satisfaction and employee engagement (figure 4). A regression analysis suggests that these two pivots together account for approximately half the impact seen on these outcomes, while the other pivots play a smaller role.
The conclusion, however, should not be that organisations can gain the most benefit by pursuing these two pivots at the expense of the others. Why? Because, as we found in last year’s study, organisations that execute a greater number of pivots more broadly across more parts of their organisation tend to achieve higher levels of digital maturity—with greater associated benefits.
Executives may give data mastery and intelligent workflows the greatest credit for delivering benefits because the impact of projects involving these pivots tend to be easy to measure. Analytics produces insights that support superior operational decisions and automation can directly improve efficiency and cost metrics. One study found that organisations using AI in their financial reporting systems improved productivity by 33 per cent, reduced errors by 37 per cent and cut the time required to complete their monthly financial close by four days on average.10 The direct impact of other pivots, such as infrastructure or unified customer experience, can be harder to quantify.
These harder-to-measure pivots are still vital enablers of digital transformation, however. Infrastructure provides flexibility and security that are necessary to succeed in the digital world. As Joe Weinman, author of the book Cloudonomics, puts it: “The real value of cloud or hybrid cloud architecture comes in the form of agility, decreased time to market, accelerated innovation, better and richer user experiences and inherently cloud-native or cloud-centric business models.”11 Customer experience is similarly critical: Eighty per cent of B2B and B2C customers now consider their experience to be just as important as a company’s products and services when making a purchasing decision.12 Indeed, there are compelling examples that demonstrate how companies can measure the value delivered by even these harder-to-quantify pivots. Unilever, for example, has developed more than 50 apps on Salesforce’s cloud-based platform, which has allowed them to deploy apps four to five times faster and at 40 per cent lower costs.13 And prior Deloitte research has demonstrated that organisations that focus more heavily on customer experience increased their customer lifetime value by 1.6 times more than other organisations.14
Balancing investments across all the pivots helps organisations mature digitally and enables business model innovation. As demonstrated by Rolls Royce and other examples mentioned above, such business model innovation can give organisations opportunities to create and capture new value.
Best practices within each pivot
Leaders should understand how to maximise the benefit of each pivot. To that end, we asked this year’s respondents to identify what practices were most important in driving success within each of the pivots (figure 5).
On the whole, the high-impact practices make a great deal of intuitive sense. Within the unified customer experience pivot, for example, having omnichannel touchpoints supports customers’ desire for diverse interactions, while capturing the voice of the customer and having a 360-degree view of the customer relationship help organisations better understand and address customer preferences and behaviours. Similarly, for the flexible, secure infrastructure pivot, two of the three most important leading practices—automating cloud cost management and optimisation and automating the provisioning and operations of cloud infrastructure—demonstrate the growing importance of automation in managing cost and complexity in enterprise cloud environments, which are growing more complex thanks to the prevalence of hybrid and multicloud infrastructures.15 And for the intelligent workflows pivot, establishing an automation centre of excellence was the top-ranked leading practise. This is not surprising: An automation centre of excellence helps develop automation expertise that can be leveraged throughout the organisation and it also supports consistency in developing and implementing automation efforts, tracking and reporting those efforts’ impact and managing compliance with IT security standards.
Digital maturity’s advantages go beyond traditional business benefits
In addition to supporting better financial performance, digital transformation can help companies keep pace with society’s changing expectations of businesses. This is important in an era when companies are being called upon to demonstrate social responsibility and to respond to the interests of stakeholders besides investors. Over the past couple of years, calls have grown among business leaders for companies to expand the scope of their mission. Rather than concerning themselves only with investor returns, enterprises are increasingly committing to tackling a variety of rising socioeconomic concerns.16 In 2019, 181 US CEOs signed a Business Roundtable statement pledging that their companies would commit to benefit stakeholders beyond their investors, including customers, employees and the communities where they operate.17 More than two-thirds (69 per cent) of business executives in a 2017 Deloitte survey called workforce diversity an important issue for their company, up from 59 per cent in 2014.18 And in 2019, 87 multinational companies pledged to meet environmental targets in queue with the Paris climate accords.19
Digital technologies can help address these emerging priorities. A recent analysis looked at 20 targets related to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and found that the expected global deployment of existing digital technologies will, on average, help accelerate progress towards 20 targets related to those goals by 22% and mitigate downward trends by 23%.20
Companies are already applying digital technologies to goals other than financial returns. Some companies, for instance, are applying digital technologies to support workforce diversity (figure 6). Online property marketplace Zillow Group saw a 12 per cent boost in female applicants after using machine learning to identify and edit language in its job postings to be gender neutral.21 And several workforce analytics vendors are now promoting their capabilities to help companies measure and meet diversity goals.22
Other companies are making environmental sustainability a goal of their digital transformation efforts. For example, Tesco is using AI analytics to measure its environmental impact and meet aggressive carbon emissions reduction targets.23 In the construction industry, drones are helping to reduce material waste at construction sites, which makes up 25 to 40 per cent of the solid waste generated in the United States.24 And in agriculture, robotic herbicide sprayers can cut farmers’ herbicide usage by a factor of 20 over traditional methods of dousing entire fields.25
Many of the organisations we surveyed reported using digital technologies to boost environmental sustainability (figure 7). While higher-maturity organisations were the most active in this regard, even most lower-maturity organisations said they were using digital technologies in the pursuit of greater environmental sustainability.
Figure 7 illustrates how digital maturity can enable companies to better tackle issues of emerging importance to a broader set of stakeholders beyond their investors. Research from Deloitte and MIT suggests that digitally mature companies are more likely to have modernised governance and ethics frameworks.26 This enables them to act with greater agility, as they have erected appropriate guardrails to mitigate the risk of missteps that could lead to negative brand exposure. It can also help them quickly and effectively respond to the types of issues described in this section. For example, having the proper ethical frameworks in place may make it more likely an organisation has a process for screening for and eliminating biases in AI models utilised for recruiting talent.
Additionally, using digital technologies to improve environmental sustainability and workforce diversity can provide direct financial benefits. Reducing carbon emissions or resource consumption can help organisations reduce or avoid costs. For instance, global shipping conglomerate Maersk reduced its fuel costs by 13 per cent over a two-year full stop, partially by analysing sensor data from its ships to optimise their speed and routes.27 Drones could help construction companies cut down on the US$160 billion per year they spend on wasted materials that wind up in landfills. Indirect financial benefits are possible as well: Prior Deloitte research has described how workforce diversity improves organisations’ ability to innovate and identify risks by fostering greater creativity to solve problems.28
Digital transformation investments are growing briskly, though more slowly than last year
The organisations in our survey are planning to significantly boost their investments in pursuing digital maturity over the next 12 months, though not by as much as last year. On average, this year’s respondents said that they planned to increase their investments in digital transformation initiatives by 15 per cent over the next 12 months. This contrasts with the 25 per cent planned increase that last year’s respondents reported in answer to the same question (figure 8). Still, 15 per cent growth is a large increase, showing that digital transformation is still a high priority.
Respondents of all levels of maturity reported that among next year’s planned investments in digital transformation, the digital pivots of highest priority are infrastructure (both in the areas of cybersecurity and cloud) and data analytics. This speaks to the importance of infrastructure—even if its benefits can be hard to measure—and data analytics (which tends to produce more easily quantifiable benefits).
Cybersecurity was most likely to be cited as a very high investment priority across all levels of maturity. Lower-maturity organisations may see a need to harden their cybersecurity defences before undertaking other digital transformation initiatives. As they build out more robust digital assets, capabilities, and ecosystems, they will inevitably enlarge the attack surface they must defend. This is likely why cybersecurity is also the top priority for higher-maturity organisations: They have more potential attack vectors to monitor and secure.
Plans can change, however. Respondents to this year’s survey reported that on average they spent US$11.3 million on digital transformation in the past year—far less than the US$13.6 million that last year’s respondents said that they had budgeted for the following 12 months.
A slowdown in the growth rate of digital transformation investment is not surprising, given recent analyst and media reports that concerns over the global economy are causing business IT investments to decelerate. For instance, Forrester forecasts that global tech spending by government and business organisations will grow by 3.8 per cent in 2020, down from 4.5 per cent in 2019 and 5 per cent in 2018;29 the analyst firm attributes this diminishing growth to concerns over slowing global economic growth. Enterprise technology vendors are also reporting slowing demand for their products.30
In uncertain times, digital transformation becomes more, not less, important
Digital transformation may be an overused buzzword, but it is no fad. On the contrary, real companies are reaping real business benefits from their investments in digital transformation. The evidence tells us that a broad-based effort to implement the digital pivots can deliver a host of concrete business benefits, ranging from better product quality and higher customer satisfaction to greater efficiency and increased income.
Investments in digital transformation are continuing to rise—at more than three times the rate of IT spending overall.31 And the beauty of digital transformation is that it has the potential to be self-funding: In its early stages, digital transformation efforts can deliver cost savings and efficiency gains that can fund investments in innovation, new business models and accelerated growth.
Mixed macroeconomic signals and uncertainty about the future only increase the need for digital transformation. In an ever-changing market shaped by evolving customer and stakeholder demands, digital transformation can help organisations build the resilience they need to thrive well into the future.
Appendix: Respondent demographics
This report draws upon responses to a survey conducted in November 2019 that asked US-based executives to assess their organisation’s approach to digital transformation. Qualifying organisations were those that had global headcount of 500 or more and that earned at least US$250 million in annual income. Figure 10 gives a breakdown of the 1,200 surveyed organisations’ annual income.
Our analysis considered responses from executives who said that they were “very” or “highly” knowledgeable about their organisation’s digital transformation efforts. Just over half (51 per cent) of the respondents had C-suite titles; 22 per cent were at the vice-president level or equivalent and 27 per cent were at the director level or equivalent. An equal number (200) of respondents were surveyed from each of six industries:
- Consumer products and services
- Energy, resources and industrials
- Financial services and insurance
- Government and public services
- Life sciences and health care
- Technology, media and entertainment and telecommunications
Global Digital Transformation Offering
Deloitte Global Consulting’s digital transformation network helps clients succeed not just today but become adaptable to the many changes coming over the horizon. We call this future-proofing a business. It starts with defining our client’s unique ambitions which include how they continually gain competitive advantages through existing or new business models. We help our clients deliver new offerings into the market rapidly, successively and at increasing scale. It all adds up to achieving the ambition, with highly positive profit and loss account and balance sheet impact along the way.
