Article
15 minute read 08 September 2022

Tapping virtual health’s full potential

A human, frictionless, and accessible virtual health experience is within reach. Learn why it’s important to balance physician and consumer needs.

Bill Fera

Bill Fera

United States

Ken Abrams, MD, MBA

Ken Abrams, MD, MBA

United States

Urvi Shah

Urvi Shah

United States

Hemnabh Varia

Hemnabh Varia

India

Jay Bhatt

Jay Bhatt

United States

As part of an integrated care delivery approach, virtual health can complement in-person care by improving coordination and continuity of care and reaching patient populations that are underserved and underresourced.1 It has the potential to benefit both consumers and physicians by improving access, convenience, and the experience of receiving and providing care. We know that consumers enjoy the convenience and accessibility of virtual health—but first we need to solve for some of the challenges standing in the way of a frictionless, consistent, and high-quality experience.

Two surveys conducted by the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions in January to March 2022 give us insight into how, when, and where physicians and consumers like to use virtual health solutions—and conversely, how health care organizations might respond to slowing uptake and adoption gaps. In the biennial Deloitte Survey of US Health Care Consumers, 4,545 consumers shared their experiences and attitudes related to their health, health insurance, and health care in general. And in the biennial Deloitte Survey of US Physicians, 660 US-based physicians shared their perceptions of market trends that impact the current and future state of practicing medicine.

With respect to virtual health, the data we collected during the past five years reveals that consumers’ appetite for virtual health and digital health tools has steadily increased, but there is significant variation in physician adoption. Our findings show that some physicians are unsure how to best use virtual health in a clinical setting while others are concerned about losing the human connection that is an integral part of in-person care.

The survey results highlight a few ways that health organizations could better:

  • meet consumers’ expectations in receiving convenient, efficient health care experiences
  • redesign workflows to simplify virtual health encounters
  • support physicians in optimally using new virtual health modalities

The key is ensuring that the human touch remains central to care delivery—and that can be best accomplished by inviting all health care stakeholders from physicians and consumers to frontline clinicians to actively participate in reimagining and redesigning how care is delivered.2

Call to action: Bring (more of) the human element into virtual health

Our research revealed that consumers who aren’t satisfied with a virtual visit are less likely to schedule another one—and the reasons why reveal opportunities to improve the process and the experience. In the 2022 Deloitte Survey of US Health Care Consumers, 30% of respondents who had a virtual visit in 2022 (vs. 33% in 2020) selected, “I did not feel the quality of care was as good as my own doctor” and 27% (vs. 18% in 2020) selected, “I was not able to connect with the clinician the same way I would in-person” as the top reasons for not having a return virtual health visit. These responses point to a disconnect—personal or otherwise—when care is delivered virtually.

The physicians who participated in our survey agreed that virtual health encounters can lack the personal touch that is associated with in-person care. In open-ended responses about what works well virtually and in person, physicians said that easy communication (37%), including establishing patient rapport (17%), is the key benefit of in-person encounters—and that it leads to better patient follow-through and adherence. In contrast, only 11% of physicians said that communication is a general benefit of virtual health and just 1% said that virtual health is conducive to establishing patient rapport (figure 1).

What physicians say about patient communications during in-person encounters

  • “Communication is easier [during in-person visits]. You can get verbal and nonverbal feedback from the patient and their family members.” – 25 years in practice in obstetrics and gynecology, single-specialty independent partnership
  • “More real-time feedback [during in-person visits], better able to understand emotional aspects of decision-making, and better able to interact with multiple individuals at the same time.” – Five years in practice in diagnostic radiology, medical group that’s part of a hospital/integrated delivery system
  • “More personalized experience specific to the patient, improved interactions between provider and patient, and development of trust between provider and patient [during in-person visits]” – Five years in practice in emergency medicine, hospital

While the communication piece is important, it isn’t the only aspect of care delivery that works better in person. In fact, the physicians we surveyed said that workflow and operations, clinical decision-making, and the “entire care process” are more effective during an in-person visit. Workflow and operations are more streamlined for in-person visits (26%) than for virtual patient encounters (13%), including resources and established processes that support operational efficiency and better care coordination (figure 1). As such, there’s an opportunity for health care organizations to optimize workflows for virtual visits that could remove friction for physicians, enable them to better engage with patients, and deliver higher quality of care.

What physicians say about the workflow for in-person visits

  • “Initial [in-person] chart prep done by clinical staff before visit, scribe in room to document, referrals done in house with appointments made before patient leaves, nurse reviewing new medications after visit to ensure proper understanding, reception making follow up appointment according to provider instructions before patient leaves.” – 12 years in family practice, solo practice

In addition, physicians said that the clinical considerations are more straightforward for in-person visits: They can take vitals, perform physical exams, comprehensive assessments, and in-office procedures. In contrast, physicians said that the clinical considerations for virtual visits are nuanced, and some clinical decision-making is tougher—for instance, determining when to triage a patient to a higher level of care. At the same time, they acknowledge nonclinical benefits of virtual health visits, such as patient access and convenience.

What physicians say about clinical and nonclinical aspects of virtual health visits

  • “Care that does not rely heavily on physical exams or diagnostic tests [such as] routine check-in visits, when the patient may not have any new concerns, are perfect for virtual visits.” – One year in practice in otolaryngology, hospital
  • “It [virtual] is a useful tool for clinically stable patient I know well, especially those with social barriers or transportation issues. Otherwise in-person is better for both parties usually.” – Three years in practice, psychiatry, hospital
  • “Really hard to say [what works well], because virtual care is so new to everyone, and we are all learning as we go.” – 37 years in practice, internal medicine, hospital

To improve upon these aspects for virtual visits, health care organizations should:

  • Help physicians strengthen their webside manner by reducing friction and elevating human experience.3 The workflow should consider things that on the surface have nothing to do with webside manner: Physicians and care teams should become accustomed to the technical and operational aspects of virtual health delivery. (Webside manner is the equivalent of a health care professional’s bedside manner in a virtual setting.) Health care organizations should help physicians in mastering the technical, clinical, and communication skills needed for virtual health visits and providing the requisite resources. Certain aspects are basic such as properly lining up the camera, looking at it during video conversations, and choosing appropriate lighting and audio equipment. Other elements may require additional investments, such as providing headsets for all team members and dual monitors for physicians (at home and at the clinic).
  • Understand clinical aspects of virtual health that physicians struggle with. Provide education and training more broadly on virtual health care delivery aspects, such as how to conduct a physical exam virtually, or when to triage to a higher level of care. Facilitate peer-to-peer learning and experience-sharing.
  • Cocreate with all users who have lived experience. As organizations design new workflows and processes, they should consider the experience of all users: patients and families, frontline clinicians, and support staff. For instance, many operational decisions benefit from collective input from physicians and other team members, such as booking criteria for visits, identifying elements of in-person visits that should be reproduced, removed, or changed in a virtual health workflow, and defining roles for different team members.4 That said, findings from our survey highlight that it is not a common practice for health care organizations to ask for such input: Only 38% of the physicians said that frontline clinicians were asked for input on incorporating virtual health into their workflow. However, physicians who were asked were more satisfied with the ease of use, had fewer criticisms, and identified more benefits to using virtual health.
  • Balance standardization with customization. Involvement and buy-in of frontline staff can help determine what processes should be the same across the enterprise, specialty, and service line, and what processes should be different.5

Call to action: Invest in virtual health as part of a comprehensive care management program

The Deloitte Survey of US Physicians found that adoption of virtual health, especially video visits, grew during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 68% of physicians using video visits in 2022, up from 14% in 2018 (figure 2).6 Nearly one-third of physicians (30%) also reported that they implemented chat with patients.7 Our consumer survey, too, shows a large increase in use of virtual visits from 17% in 2018 to 42% in 2022. Wide adoption of video visits was made possible by regulatory changes that were implemented out of necessity during the pandemic, but it remains to be seen how changing regulations might shape future adoption.8

However, physician adoption of nonvideo virtual health modalities did not increase in 2022 and these findings are in line with results from the AMA 2021 Telehealth survey report.9 We found that in general, large practices were more likely than their small and medium counterparts to sustain adoption of nonvideo virtual health modalities.10 Between 2018 and winter 2020, on a total basis, we observed an increase in the adoption of remote patient monitoring, integration of data from patient wearables, and physician-to-physician virtual consultations (figure 2).

Between 2020 and 2022, however, physician-to-physician consultations increased in large but not in small or medium practices; the availability of remote patient monitoring at home decreased in medium and small practices, and there was an erosion in the implementation of other virtual health modalities (remote patient monitoring at other facilities, patient-reported outcome collection, and wearables) across the board.

It is possible that with the onset of the pandemic in spring 2020, the focus on emergency care and a lack of resources (especially in smaller practices) contributed to a slowdown in the implementation and optimization of nonvideo virtual health modalities.11 Furthermore, the uncertain fate of telehealth regulations at the end of the public health emergency may have hindered adoption.12 Another possibility is that physician practices failed to realize the benefits from nonvideo virtual health modalities, such as wearables, especially in the fee-for-service environment.

Video visits were the one exception to this trend, with adoption in outpatient settings growing to 81% in 2022, up from 14% in 2018 and 19% in 2020.

To achieve consistent adoption across all virtual health modalities, health care organizations should:

  • Identify virtual health use cases with positive short-term ROI. While the regulatory environment creates financial uncertainty, virtual health use cases that don’t generate revenue through direct reimbursement can still produce a positive ROI. For provider organizations, this can happen when multiple metrics (provider productivity, practice capacity, access to care, and quality) are positively affected, particularly in profitable service lines such as orthopedics or capacity-constrained areas such as primary care. As organizations move away from fee-for-service to value-based care, they can expand their virtual health programs, adding use cases that may not make financial sense today but could in the future.
  • Evaluate investments in care management capabilities built upon a virtual health foundation. Nonvideo virtual health modalities can support care management for patients with chronic conditions, an area of the health care delivery system that would benefit from more touch points and tools. In our Future of HealthTM vision, we expect care models to increasingly move from transactional to longitudinal. To achieve this, health care organizations should invest in a comprehensive care management program that supports continuity of care. Virtual health modalities beyond video visits are an essential component of such a program. Although designing a care management program may feel like a maiden voyage, organizations don’t have to start from scratch: They can borrow from health insurers’ and disease management companies’ playbooks when it comes to risk stratification, member engagement, gamification, and incentives, and outsource certain elements of the program.13

Call to action: Ensure that virtual health meets the needs of—and is accessible to—all patient populations

While virtual health visits are more convenient because they often eliminate the need to travel, find child care, and take time off work, the issue of access isn’t always as straightforward. Studies of virtual health utilization from claims and EHRs show that in the period of 2020–2021, patients with all types of insurance had similar access to virtual health, while the uninsured population had lower access.14 Some studies found that access for underserved populations has improved as a result of virtual health, while others indicate that the digital divide (known as the gap between those with and without access to technology) has exacerbated inequities. For instance, underserved populations were more likely to rely on audio-only and messaging services.15 On balance, virtual health’s effects on access appear to be mixed.16

In our consumer survey, the digital divide is expressed by differential use of virtual health based on income and reliability of internet service. Nearly half of consumers (46%) with very good/reliable internet service had a virtual visit in the last 12 months, compared with 31% of those with very poor/unreliable internet service. Although most consumers (81%) have broadband access, only half (52%) describe it as reliable and meeting their needs. Not surprisingly, households with the highest incomes are the most likely to have reliable internet service. Sixty-three percent of consumers with an annual household income greater than US$100,000 have reliable internet, compared with 46% of those making less than US$50,000.

When we asked physicians about the effects of virtual health on access to care for underserved groups, more said virtual health has increased access (39%) than decreased (7%) while 12% said it had no effect and 25% said the effects were mixed. This is a relatively optimistic view when compared to utilization studies and our consumer survey findings that show mixed effects on access. Interestingly, physicians who have implemented virtual health in their practice are much more positive about its effect on access.  

To narrow the digital divide, health care organizations can collaborate with local governments, utility providers, and businesses in their community (such as shopping centers, schools, shelters, libraries, and pharmacies) to provide free Wi-Fi and digital devices that can be used to receive virtual health services. For instance, Texas A&M Health Science Center collaborated with OnMed to place kiosks in a rural Texas community to measure patients’ vital signs, dispense common medications, and facilitate on-demand video visits with a nurse practitioner.17

Leaning on virtual health technologies to deliver state-of-the-art care

Our view is that virtual health is not a substitute for how care has traditionally been delivered. Instead, it offers new ways of care delivery that were not possible in the past. When done well, virtual health can improve care quality and continuity, reduce friction, and address health equity. And although there is still a lot to learn and improve on, organizations should assess their current maturity, reflect on how virtual care can help align with strategic goals, and begin to implement the following steps:

  • Educate, support, and equip physicians to infuse the human element of care in virtual health encounters
  • Rethink existing care models and assess how to prioritize virtual health investments for future care models
  • Ensure virtual health is accessible to, and meets the needs of, all patient populations
  • Develop a thorough understanding of the human experience of receiving and providing care, apply a thoughtful approach to workflow redesign, technology applications, and the use of care teams, and follow a careful change management plan
  • Involve physicians, patients, and other care team members, and value their input while designing and implementing human-centered virtual health offerings and workflow processes
  • Consider regulatory and policy issues that may impact your model, advocate for flexibility in virtual health design, and support associated adequate reimbursement

These steps can help satisfy consumers’ appetite for virtual health and digital technology and position health care organizations for a Future of HealthTM that centers on digitally enhanced, frictionless, affordable, high-quality, and equitable care.

Appendix. Study methodology

Appendix 1. Methodological notes: 2022 Deloitte Survey of US Physicians

Since 2011, the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions has surveyed a nationally representative sample of US physicians on their attitudes and perceptions about the current market trends impacting medicine and the future state of the practice of medicine.

The biennial survey was fielded between January 18 and March 20, 2022. This survey of 660 physicians is nationally representative of US primary care and specialty physicians with respect to years in practice, gender, geography, practice type, and specialty.

The general aim of the survey is to understand physician adoption and perception of key market trends of interest to the health care industry and policy. In 2022, 660 US primary care and specialty physicians were asked about a range of topics, including virtual health, digital technologies, care teams, health equity, and value-based care.

Sampling approach

We selected a random sample of physician records with complete mailing information from the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile, and stratified it by physician specialty, to invite participation in an online 20-minute survey.

The resulting study sample is representative of the AMA Physician Masterfile with respect to years in practice, gender, geography, practice type, and specialty to reflect the national distribution of US physicians.

About the AMA Physician Masterfile

The AMA is the major association for US physicians and its Physician Masterfile contains records of more than 1.4 million US physicians (including AMA members and nonmembers) and is based upon graduating medical school and specialty certification records. It is used for both state and federal credentialing as well as for licensure purposes. This database is widely regarded as the gold standard for health policy work among primary care physicians and specialists, and is the source used by the federal government and academic researchers for survey studies among physicians.

Appendix 2. Methodological notes: 2022 Deloitte Survey of US Health Care Consumers

2022 Deloitte Survey of US Health Care Consumers: Since 2008, the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions (DCHS) has surveyed a nationally representative sample of US adults (18 and older) about their experiences and attitudes related to their health, health insurance, and health care in general. The national sample is representative of the US Census with respect to age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, geography, and insurance source. As part of this effort, from February 24 through March 14, 2022, DCHS conducted an online survey of 4,545 US adults.

  1. Eric Wicklund, “New study finds telehealth reduced barriers to access for black patients,” HealthLeaders, May 12, 2022; Rebecca E Anastos-Wallen et al., “Primary care appointment completion rates and telemedicine utilization among black and non-black patients from 2019 to 2020,” Telemedicine Journal and e-Health, May 2, 2022; Lori Uscher-Pines, Jessica Sousa, and Maggie Jones, “Telehealth use among safety-net organizations in California during the COVID-19 pandemic,” JAMA, February 2, 2021.

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  2. Stephanie Newkirchen, Leslie Korenda, and Jessica Overman, “Opportunities for consumer-facing technologies in health systems: Building a better health care experience,” Deloitte, 2021.

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  3. Deloitte, “Designing for adoption: Experience-led virtual health purposeful design to fulfill the promise of virtual health,” May 2021.

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  4. ATA 2022, “Telemedicine paves the way to innovative care delivery models,” May 2022; Anaeze C. Offodile II et al., “A framework for designing excellent virtual health care,” Harvard Business Review, April 2022.

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  5. Scottsdale Institute, “Standardization vs customization: Achieving optimal design for clinician-EHR satisfaction that doesn’t break the bank,” June 2022.

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  6. The term “adoption” here refers to whether physicians say they implemented virtual health approaches at their primary work setting.

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  7. The “chat with patients through a digital app or texting” is an approach which was not widely used previously, and hence was not included as an option in prior surveys.

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  8. CMS, “Medicare telemedicine health care provider fact sheet,” March 17, 2020.

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  9. AMA, 2021 Telehealth survey report, 2021.

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  10. We asked respondents how many full-time equivalent (FTE) doctors they estimate in their primary work setting. Based on that, we defined the size of the practice setting as: small (FTEs<=5), medium (FTEs=6–24), and large (FTEs>=25).

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  11. Jessica Bartlett, “Independent hospitals are ‘one crisis away’ from financial instability,” Boston Globe, March 30, 2022; Robert King, “Nearly half of rural hospitals face negative operating margins as COVID-19 hits outpatient revenue,” Fierce Healthcare, February 10, 2021; United States Government Accountability Office, Rural hospital closures: Affected residents had reduced access to health care services, December 2020; Laura Ungar, “Thousands of doctors’ offices buckle under financial stress of COVID,” Kaiser Family Foundation, November 30, 2020; Susan Ladika, “The pandemic one year in: Providers struggle with loss of revenue,” Managed Healthcare Executive, March 10, 2021.

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  12. Eric Wicklund, “CMS proposes significant changes to remote patient monitoring coverage,” MHealth Intelligence, September 2020; Liz Kwo, “Contributed: The opportunities and challenges for remote patient monitoring,” MobiHealth News, April 29, 2022.

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  13. Scottsdale Institute, “Predictive risk stratification: Using analytics to empower change with actionable workflows description,” July 2020; Eric Sink et al., “Effectiveness of a novel, automated telephone intervention on time to hospitalisation in patients with COPD: A randomised controlled trial,” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 26, 3 (2018): pp. 132–39.

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  14. Ariana Lott et al., “Telemedicine utilization at an academic medical center during covid-19 pandemic: Are some patients being left behind?,” Telemedicine and e-Health 28, 1 (2022): pp. 44–50; Donglan Zhang et al., “Disparities in telehealth utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a nationally representative survey in the United States,” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, October 11, 2021; Omolola E. Adepoju et al., “Utilization gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic: Racial and ethnic disparities in telemedicine uptake in federally qualified health center clinics,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 37 (2022): pp. 1191–97.

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  15. Madjid Karimi et al., “National survey trends in telehealth use in 2021: Disparities in utilization and audio vs. video services,” ASPE, February 1, 2022.

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  16. Bryan Luhn, “Racial and ethnic disparities in telemedicine usage persist during pandemic,” University of Houston, April 13, 2022; Lott et al., “Telemedicine utilization at an academic medical center during COVID-19 pandemic?.”

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  17. Lindsey Hendrix, “Texas A&M, OnMed launch self-contained telemedicine station to address rural health care,” Texas A&M Today, July 13, 2020.

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Project teamNatasha Elsner and Wendy Gerhardt led survey development and hypothesis generation. Madhushree Wagh helped with the analysis plan and data interpretation. Leslie Korenda, Jessica Overman, and Apoorva Singh supported with the overall consumer survey planning, analysis, and review. Our Executive Sponsors Jay Bhatt, D.O. and Shaun Rangappa, MD provided guidance and reviews of multiple drafts.

The authors would also like to thank Howard Drenth, Mark Snyder, Dorrie Guest, Stephanie Beever, Anubha Bang, Kylie Cherco, Danielle Moon, Andrea Wallach, Angie Wade, Anita Desai, Grace Feldman, Taylor Cobb, Lindsay Parra, Rebecca Knutsen, Prodyut Ranjan Borah, Laura DeSimio, Zion Bereket, and the many others who contributed to the success of this project.

Cover image by: Kevin Weier and Natalie Pfaff.

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Jay Bhatt

Jay Bhatt

Managing director, Center for Health Solutions and Health Equity Institute
Ken Abrams, MD, MBA

Ken Abrams, MD, MBA

Managing Director | Deloitte Consulting LLP

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