2022 Digital media trends, 16th edition: Toward the metaverse

People are attracted to SVOD by the content, but they often leave due to cost. Generation Z consumers are especially sensitive to services being too expensive. It costs money to acquire subscribers, so losing them too quickly can hamper providers’ ability to recoup their acquisition costs.⁵ However, cancelling a service doesn’t mean they won’t return. One-quarter of US consumers have cancelled a streaming video service in the past 12 months and resubscribed to the same service, with younger generations significantly more likely to return (figure 2). In the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, and Japan, around 22% overall have churned and returned. Once again, the behavior is stronger among younger generations.

Why do respondents say they churn and return? Either a new season of their favorite show was released, they got a free or discounted rate, or content they wanted to watch moved to the service. Around a quarter of people across the countries we surveyed admit they routinely cancel and resubscribe to manage costs. In every country we surveyed, consumers—particularly Gen Zs and Millennials—are getting savvier about determining how much money they will spend on what content. As we have stated before, it looks like consumers are winning the streaming wars.

How can SVOD providers keep subscribers around?

To retain more subscribers, SVOD providers are exploring ways to shift the value proposition in their favor. Offering flexible pricing options could be the most direct path. Among consumers in all five countries surveyed, options that allowed people to watch ads in exchange for lower costs—or at no cost—are the most popular (figure 3). Ad-supported tiers could attract more cost-conscious subscribers. And even when there are lulls in engaging content, subscribers may not cancel their subscription if the cost is low enough.

Streaming services can also use gated content to offer consumers pricing tiers. Some companies are experimenting with offering premium access to everything at a higher price and cheaper options for less content. Our global study found that many respondents thinking of cancelling a paid SVOD service would likely keep their subscriptions if they could get a discount. Some would be willing to watch more ads, or less content, or wait 45 days to watch a new release (figure 4).

Bundles and perks can also support subscriber retention. If US respondents were thinking about cancelling an SVOD service, 37% said that access to first-run movies would convince them to stay, and 34% would stay if a loyalty program were included. Among Gen Zs and Millennials, about 51% would stay if their subscription included a gaming or music service or another SVOD service.

All of these pathways could reinforce the value of SVOD, help with retention, and even support greater profitability, but they can also put different pressures on revenues. However, SVOD itself may be facing a greater challenger in the evolving preferences of younger generations: Gen Z and Millennial consumers who have grown up with social and interactive media.

The shifting sands of media and entertainment

Overall, our survey showed watching TV and movies at home remains the favorite entertainment activity, but this trend skews significantly toward older generations. Across all five countries surveyed—the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, and Japan—Gen Z respondents cited playing video games as their favorite entertainment activity. More generations may catch up. For UK Millennials, gaming is a close second to watching TV and movies at home, and Japanese Millennials rank playing video games as second to browsing the internet. Similarly, use of social media is high and skews toward younger generations. Social has become a gateway for video, music, news, gaming, and the communities and content creators that keep it all moving.

Social media and gaming further challenge retention for SVOD services. Every time a streaming show ends, a recommendation fails to engage, when subscription costs mount, or even when attention strays—these are moments when people may turn to social media and gaming. Yet, larger generational changes are likely underway, shifting the sands of the media and entertainment landscape.

People are finding more relevant, engaging, and shared entertainment on social media

Social media services have become increasingly dynamic spaces. For many consumers, these services have offered essential ways to connect, gather information, and stay entertained. They provide both passive and active experiences and offer up near-infinite streams of personalized content—all lit up with swarming behaviors around trending content. And it’s all free and available anywhere, anytime.

In contrast to SVOD services, social is full of content that is bite sized, snackable, and highly personalized. People log onto these platforms regularly and they can be entertained for a minute or an hour. In the United States, some 80% of social media users say they use social media services at least daily and 59% use these services several times a day. Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, and Japan, Gen Z, Millennial, and Gen X consumers are consistently more likely to use these services.

Another differentiator from SVOD: Social is largely free. And the library of content is massive and seemingly never-ending. Users are listening to music, reading and watching news, watching TV shows and movies, and playing games, all in one place. Their newsfeeds are personalized by algorithms that serve up exactly what they want. No chasing content, and no subscription needed (figure 5).

User-generated content—which is usually short-form and easily consumable—has been bolstered by the rise and reach of video-centric, algorithmically fueled social media services.⁶ And it’s often highly engaging. About half of US respondents say they watch more user-generated content than they did six months ago, and half say they always end up spending more time watching user-generated content than they had planned (a number that jumps to 70% among Gen Zs) (figure 6).

Rich troves of user data power algorithms that continuously refine themselves to get the most compelling and engaging content, ads, and recommended user accounts in front of the right audiences. In essence, the content discovers you. And it’s competitive with the TV experience. Around four in 10 US respondents say they spend more time watching user-generated video content than they do TV shows and movies on video streaming services—a sentiment that increases to around 60% for Gen Zs and Millennials.

Much of this user-generated content is fueled by the creator economy and so-called influencers—users whose large followings enable them to monetize their content through brand partnerships on these platforms.⁷ Following influencers helps users connect with communities of like-minded people—an affordance not easily replicated on SVOD services. Seventy percent of US respondents say they follow an influencer, and one-third say these online personalities influence their buying decisions—a figure that increases to more than half for US Gen Zs and Millennials.

The appeal of influencers is a global trend: 88% of survey respondents from Brazil follow an influencer, as do 79% of respondents from Japan. People worldwide, especially younger ones, are drawn to influencers—from the content they post, to the lifestyles they promote, to the communities they create—and often relate to them on a personal level.

With such large global audiences, social media services are becoming shoppable retail destinations, enabling businesses big and small to reach new audiences and potential customers.⁸ Leveraging the same data and algorithms, these services can deliver ads and product placements that are highly targeted and personalized. More than half of US respondents and around 40% or more in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan say they see ads on social media for products or services they have been looking for—a number that increases to 72% in Brazil. These sales are highly profitable for social media services: In addition to making money on the ads they sell, they can also take a percentage of the sale price when a product is purchased, expanding their revenues beyond advertising.

With hundreds of millions—even billions—of users, social media services and the brands they support can capitalize on fast-moving trends. Indeed, some reports show sudden spikes in demand for products that have gone viral on top social media services.⁹ So, while the audience for SVOD is larger than ever, experiences that are social, interactive, and shoppable are competing for more of our time, attention, and money.

Gaming draws younger generations more accustomed to connected life

Just as social media has enabled communities to create and interact around content, and even reach the kind of stardom once reserved for major celebrities, gaming has opened doors further, empowering people to step directly into once impossible worlds.

In the United States, a vast majority of respondents are playing video games. Thanks to a range of devices and content, more than 80% of both men and women say they play, with half of smartphone owners saying they play on a smartphone daily. As we might expect, Gen Z and Millennial gamers play the most, logging an average of 11 and 13 hours per week, respectively. Gen X gamers follow closely behind with around 10 hours of gameplay every week (figure 7).

The popularity of gaming is another global trend: Most respondents in the United Kingdom (75%), Germany (78%), Brazil (89%), and Japan (63%) play video games regularly. In all of these countries, younger generations are also more likely to be gamers, with Gen Z and Millennial gamers spending an average of 11 hours per week playing.

Whether they are simple, time-filling mobile games or rich, immersive, and social games drawing in tens of millions of players, gaming competes for screen time. Streaming video providers should note that about half of all US gamers say that playing video games has taken time away from other entertainment activities; unsurprisingly, these percentages increase for younger gamers. Other markets appear similar: Just over half of gamers in the United Kingdom, and just under half of gamers in both Brazil and Japan are also sacrificing other entertainment activities to play video games.

This stickiness may be due, in part, to the network effects enjoyed by social games. People play with friends, against strangers, and in front of audiences on social streaming services, reinforcing engagement while also satisfying more emotional needs. About half of US gamer respondents say that playing video games helps them stay connected to other people, and a similar share say making connections is important to them while gaming—sentiments that emerge at a higher level for men. Overall, more than three-quarters of US gamers surveyed also say that gaming helps them relax, while nearly 60% report that gaming helped them through a difficult time. And these games are supporting identity: 61% of US gamers say that personalizing their game character or avatar helps them express themselves. Many of these sentiments, like the importance of making connections with other players, personalizing their game character or avatar, and finding relaxation through gaming, also emerge globally (figure 8).

Video games offer people an outlet for self-expression, immersion, connection, and relaxation, and game companies have monetized these qualities quite effectively. Amid lockdowns and social distancing requirements, the pandemic has only underscored the value of socialization in digital worlds. But virtual worlds can bring the downsides of physical life with them: Bullying and harassment have become a larger problem.¹⁰ These negative experiences can tarnish games, provoke regulators, and threaten revenues. Worse, social games can become toxic, with women and minorities often being targeted.¹¹

With large, global audiences aggregated and engaged on top gaming platforms, advertisers are working to access and influence them. As game worlds become more dynamic and customizable, in-game advertising and branding opportunities get more creative. Top social games support greater personalization by offering digital clothing, skins, and gestures that increasingly include branded virtual goods.¹² Imagine sprucing up your avatar’s appearance with a pair of your favorite brand of sneakers or buying a designer handbag you’ve always dreamed of.

Gaming and music also appear closely linked: About half of US gamers in our survey say they often discover new music while playing video games. Some of the largest social games are featuring new releases from top artists, debuted on in-game radio stations and paired with branded virtual goods.¹³ And some games are offering major musicians their own storylines.¹⁴ Top musicians have delivered larger-than-life experiences in game worlds that let them perform for tens of millions globally.¹⁵ Live in-game events present a unique opportunity for brands, franchises, and performers. About a quarter of US gamers say they have attended an in-game event in the last year, with Millennials and men being the most likely attendees. Remarkably, 82% of those attending live in-game events also made a purchase because of the event: 65% purchased digital goods and 34% purchased physical merchandise, reinforcing the steady blurring between the real and virtual (figure 9).

Gaming allows people to become part of the story, gives them autonomy and a chance to win, enables them to share rich experiences, and it can support their emotional needs. Games companies capitalized on this with freemium mobile games and gaming subscriptions, in-game purchases of new content, and an economy of virtual goods that has drawn in more brands and franchises. As consolidation heats up in the games industry,¹⁶ streaming video providers may face even greater competition for younger audiences who have grown up with smartphones, social media, and video games. Will Millennial and Gen Z consumers and those that follow move away from entertainment that isn’t social or interactive in some way?

Toward the metaverse

Given the rapid global adoption of social media and the steady drive toward more complex and social gaming experiences, it’s understandable that the metaverse has become such a big priority for leading companies.¹⁷ Technology has advanced to enable greater immersion and interaction across digital systems. Many businesses and economies exist in both real life and online. People have been building their digital lives for a few decades now, with social media and gaming expanding our sense of self into digital representations. And now, two years into a pandemic that has urged us to maintain physical distance, more aspects of our lives have become digitalized and virtualized.

The web and all it may entail is no longer just a destination or a place we sometimes opt into. It’s become a routine part of our lives—enough to feel just as real for many people. Our smartphones have become more of an extension of ourselves than an independent tool we use. The metaverse may be riding a hype cycle because we already spend much of our lives there.

Here’s just one example of an activity that could happen in a consumer metaverse: Shopping for virtual clothes to wear when we join our friends for a concert in the game world. But for that to happen, deeper questions about ownership, rights, interoperability, monetization pathways, and partnerships would have to be answered. It’s further complicated by the ongoing empowerment of users, influencers, and content creators who can aggregate their own loyal audiences, attract advertisers, and wrestle more of the customer relationship away from businesses. What will this look like if we move further into virtual worlds architected to engage, empower, and monetize?

A major shift is underway, one that could radically recompose internets and economies. In the integrated marketplace of the future, streamers, social media, and gaming companies could see their business models further disrupted—not just by younger generations, but also by the emerging infrastructure of Web 3.0. Activity is heating up, with innumerable cryptocurrencies conferring specialized rights to niche communities; NFTs giving weight and scarcity to digital goods; and distributed ledgers such as blockchain working to decentralize assets and distribute trust. Social game worlds built on blockchains and NFTs are attracting users—and celebrities—and monetizing the new digital scarcity.¹⁸ Edge computing and 5G are delivering the next generation of computation and connectivity needed to unleash it all. Billions of dollars are already flowing in to support this shift. And yet, these trends toward decentralization and user empowerment would seem to run counter to the goals of some platform companies racing to own the first billion metaverse users.¹⁹

For now, streaming video, social media, and gaming are all very successful without full immersion, tokenized economies, and universal interoperability. But the twin engines of capital and human behavior may be moving irrevocably toward that kind of unlimited reality. Media and entertainment companies may need to collaborate more to create a future where they remain at the center.